Social Sector, Welfare Schemes, NGOs and Innovation in Uttar Pradesh

This chapter answers the social-sector items of the Mains General Studies V and VI papers and the current-affairs item for Uttar Pradesh: GS-V items V.14 (medical and health), V.15 (the state education system), V.17 (current affairs of Uttar Pradesh), V.18 (implementation of the Jal Shakti Mission and other central welfare schemes in the state), V.19 (NGOs in the state) and V.21 (innovation and its effect on employment and socio-economic development), and GS-VI item VI.3 (state government schemes, projects, human resources and skills). It teaches how a welfare scheme is designed and funded, the health and education institutions and the statutes behind them, which schemes serve which group, the legal basis of NGOs, and how innovation and enterprise policy works. Dated developments sit in the last section, and every date is stated in the sentence that uses it.

1. How a welfare scheme is built: design, money and the Centre-state split

Every welfare scheme answers four design questions: who is eligible (a universal or a targeted scheme), what is delivered (a cash transfer, goods in kind or a service), what legal basis it has (a statutory entitlement that a citizen can enforce, or an executive scheme that the government may revise) and who pays (the Union alone, the Centre and the state in a fixed ratio, or the state alone).

The four design questions, with examples from this chapter
Design questionPossible answersExample
EligibilityUniversal or targetedKanya Sumangala Yojana targets girls in families under an income ceiling
DeliveryCash, in kind or servicePM-KISAN pays cash; Dastak delivers house-to-house service
Legal basisStatute or executive schemeThe VB-G RAM G Act, 2025 is a statute; most state schemes rest on cabinet approval
FundingUnion, shared or statePM-KISAN is funded by the Union; Kanya Sumangala Yojana by the state

The funding question has changed most. Until 30 June 2026 the Union met the wage cost of unskilled work under MGNREGA (2005). The Viksit Bharat–Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Act, 2025, known as VB-G RAM G, came into force on 1 July 2026 and repealed MGNREGA. It raises guaranteed employment from 100 to 125 days a year and shares cost on a 60:40 Centre-state ratio in most states, with 90:10 for the north-eastern and Himalayan states. A shift that moves cost onto states is the standard material for a Mains answer on fiscal federalism.

⚠️ A central sector scheme is not a centrally sponsored one
In a centrally sponsored scheme the Centre and states share funds in a set ratio. In a central sector scheme the Centre funds it wholly. A state scheme is funded by the state, sometimes with a central top-up. The name does not reveal which, so read the funding line before you answer.
ℹ️ UP hook
For any national scheme in this chapter, ask two Uttar Pradesh questions: which state department implements it (in most cases the Rural Development, Social Welfare, Women and Child Development, Health or Basic Education department), and does the state add a parallel or top-up scheme of its own? Most state-specific questions come from exactly these two facts.

2. Health: institutions, the insurance scheme and what the survey trend shows

The public health system runs through the Health and Family Welfare Department and, for its rural and urban missions, through the National Health Mission (NHM), the umbrella framework that the Union set up in 2013. Its rural component, the National Rural Health Mission, began on 12 April 2005; the urban component was approved by the Union Cabinet in May 2013. Two working parts are older: the Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) network, and the Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK), launched on 1 June 2011, which gives every pregnant woman delivering in a public institution free delivery, including caesarean section.

Ayushman Bharat–Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) was launched at Ranchi on 23 September 2018. It gives cover of up to Rs 5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary hospitalisation through empanelled hospitals. In Uttar Pradesh it is run by the State Agency for Comprehensive Health and Integrated Services (SACHIS). The state's Mukhyamantri Jan Arogya Abhiyan (MMJAA) covers families that PM-JAY missed because of gaps in the 2011 socio-economic and caste census data, and it runs through the same agency and platform.

Tertiary and medical institutions in Uttar Pradesh: how each was established
InstitutionEstablished or inauguratedLegal or central basis
King George's Medical University, LucknowFirst medical session 1911; state university under the 2002 ActUttar Pradesh Act of 16 September 2002
Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, LucknowSet up in 1983State Legislature Act; named after Sanjay Gandhi
AIIMS GorakhpurFoundation 22 July 2016; inaugurated 7 December 2021Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY)
Dr. Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University, LucknowOrdinance of 29 August 2008; Act of 2009State-funded university for differently abled students
⚠️ Ayushman Arogya Mandir is a rename
The Health and Wellness Centres announced in 2018 (the first opened at Jangla in Bijapur district of Chhattisgarh, on 14 April 2018) were rebranded Ayushman Arogya Mandir after a Union Health Ministry instruction in late 2023. For the origin, give the 2018 name; for the current name, give the new one.

The Dastak campaign, launched in February 2018 with UNICEF as partner, took door-to-door awareness and immunisation against acute encephalitis syndrome and Japanese encephalitis to 38 affected districts, mostly in the Tarai. The state's claims of a sharp fall in encephalitis deaths come from government statements and news reports, not an independent evaluation, so present them as official claims.

The survey trend is the best check on whether schemes work. The table gives two Uttar Pradesh indicators across three National Family Health Survey rounds, as reported in an analysis by Ashoka University's CEDA. A different NFHS-3 institutional-birth value appears in the NFHS-4 state fact sheet, so quote the NFHS-3 figure only with its source.

Uttar Pradesh: two NFHS indicators across three rounds (as reported by CEDA, Ashoka University)
IndicatorNFHS-3 (2005-06)NFHS-4 (2015-16)NFHS-5 (2019-21)
Institutional births (% of births)26.267.883.4
Total fertility rate (children per woman)3.82.72.4
⚠️ A rate is not a count
Institutional births are a percentage of deliveries. The total fertility rate is the average number of children per woman, not births per year. Replacement level is 2.1 children per woman. In NFHS-5 the state's rate of 2.4 was still above it, so any statement that the state had reached replacement in that round is false.

3. Education: who runs what, which statutes apply, and the main disputes

Three bodies in Prayagraj are routinely confused. The Basic Education Board runs basic (primary and upper-primary) schools under the Uttar Pradesh Basic Education Act, 1972 (U.P. Act 34 of 1972). The Uttar Pradesh Board of High School and Intermediate Education, the UP Board or Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad, was set up at Prayagraj in 1921 by an act of the United Provinces Legislative Council and held its first examination in 1923. Teacher selection for aided institutions now sits with the Uttar Pradesh Education Service Selection Commission, created by Act 15 of 2023, assented on 17 August 2023.

Bodies that run or regulate schooling in Uttar Pradesh
BodySet up underCovers
UP Board (Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad)Legislative council act, 1921High school and intermediate examinations
Basic Education Board, PrayagrajUP Basic Education Act, 1972Basic primary and upper-primary schools
UP Education Service Selection CommissionUP Act 15 of 2023Teacher selection for aided and Basic Board institutions
Board of Madarsa EducationUP Board of Madrasa Education Act, 2004Standards in madrasas

The Madarsa case shows how a court divides a statute. In Anjum Kadari v. Union of India (5 November 2024) a Supreme Court bench led by the Chief Justice upheld the Uttar Pradesh Board of Madrasa Education Act, 2004, and set aside the Allahabad High Court judgment that had struck down the whole Act. It held, however, that the provisions allowing degrees such as Fazil and Kamil conflicted with the University Grants Commission Act and were unconstitutional.

Central schemes are the other half. Samagra Shiksha, from 2018-19, merged Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan and teacher education into one programme from pre-school to class 12. PM POSHAN is the mid-day meal scheme that began in 1995 and was renamed in 2021. At state level, Operation Kayakalp (launched June 2018) pooled Samagra Shiksha, panchayat and Jal Jeevan Mission funds to upgrade basic schools, and Mission Prerna (reported as launched in September 2019) targets foundational literacy and numeracy in grades one to five.

The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 rests on Article 21A, inserted by the 86th Amendment in 2002, and came into force on 1 April 2010. Section 12(1)(c) requires non-minority private unaided schools to reserve 25 per cent of entry-level seats for children from disadvantaged and weaker sections.

⚠️ Two errors to avoid
Candidates often write that the 25 per cent quota applies to every class, or to minority institutions. It applies to entry-level seats only, and to non-minority private unaided schools. Keep those scope words in your answer; examiners check them.

4. Welfare schemes by target group

Schemes cluster by the people they serve. The table gives the launch date and the design feature that questions usually test. It omits current amounts, which budgets and notifications revise; where a figure matters, use the dated panel in section 7.

Selected schemes: launch, target group and design feature
SchemeLaunchedTarget groupDesign feature
Mukhyamantri Kanya Sumangala Yojana25 October 2019Girls in families under an income ceilingInstalments from birth to Class XII; two daughters per family; Women and Child Development Department
Mukhyamantri Samuhik Vivah Yojana2017Couples marrying in mass ceremoniesCash to the bride's account; amount revised in May 2025
Mission ShaktiOctober 2020 (on Navratri)Women and girls: safety and self-relianceMulti-department campaign in phases, not a cash scheme
Mukhyamantri Bal Seva YojanaMay 2021Children who lost parents, first in Covid-19 casesMonthly support to the guardian until adulthood; later widened from Covid-19 to other causes of parental loss
Mukhyamantri Abhyudaya YojanaFebruary 2021Economically weaker students preparing for competitive examsFree coaching by the Social Welfare Department, after an entrance test
PM-KISAN24 February 2019 (Gorakhpur)Small and marginal farmers, up to two hectaresCentral scheme; Rs 6,000 a year in three instalments
PM Ujjwala Yojana1 May 2016 (Ballia)Adult women of BPL householdsLPG connection; succeeded by Ujjwala 2.0 in 2021
Jal Jeevan MissionAnnounced 15 August 2019Rural households, for functional tap water55 litres per person per day was the mission norm; the 2025-26 Budget extended the mission to 2028, and the Union Cabinet later extended it to December 2028; the original cost-sharing was 50:50 with most states and 90:10 with Himalayan and north-eastern states
VB-G RAM G Act, 2025In force 1 July 2026Rural households seeking unskilled workStatutory guarantee of 125 days; replaces MGNREGA; cost-sharing as in section 1

The three contrasts most often tested are: a statutory entitlement (the VB-G RAM G Act) against an executive scheme (most state schemes); a cash transfer (PM-KISAN, Kanya Sumangala) against a service or campaign (Mission Shakti, Dastak); and a central scheme against a state scheme. Under its original 2019 schedule, Kanya Sumangala's instalments add to Rs 15,000 for each eligible girl (the state raised the total to Rs 25,000 from 2024-25): Rs 2,000 at birth, Rs 1,000 after the first-year vaccination, Rs 2,000 at Class I, Rs 2,000 at Class VI, Rs 3,000 at Class IX and Rs 5,000 at Class XII. The total is per girl; the scheme counts only two daughters per family, with twin births and adopted girls as exceptions.

5. NGOs, societies and the sector's history

In Uttar Pradesh most NGOs are societies registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 as applied in the state. The state replaced section 3 of the Act by a 1975 amendment. Registration sits with the Registrar of Firms, Societies and Chits. In September 2025 the Chief Minister urged replacing the 1860 Act with a new law; check the status of that reform before you rely on it, and present the 1860 framework as the operative one.

⚠️ Three legal forms, one NGO label
A society (the 1860 Act), a trust (the Indian Trusts Act, 1882) and a not-for-profit company (section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013) are separate legal forms with separate registration routes. The NGO Darpan portal of NITI Aayog issues a unique ID that many central ministries require before a grant; it is not itself a registration as a society.

Four landmarks frame the sector. The Central Social Welfare Board (1953) channelled government funds to voluntary organisations working with women, children and persons with disabilities. The National Social Assistance Programme (15 August 1995) was launched as a centrally sponsored scheme for pensions and family and maternity benefits, citing Article 41 of the Constitution. Deendayal Research Institute, Chitrakoot, was founded in 1968 by Nanaji Deshmukh, and the Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya was set up in 1991 under a Madhya Pradesh Act. It is on the Madhya Pradesh side of Chitrakoot (Satna district), not in Uttar Pradesh.

6. Innovation, skills and enterprise

Innovation policy runs through the Startup Policy 2020, amended in 2022 (First Amendment). The policy is valid for five years from notification, is administered by the Department of IT and Electronics, and names UP Electronics Corporation Ltd as nodal agency in the 2020 text. Press reports in July 2026 say the cabinet approved a Startup Policy 2026 that may replace it, so check its status before relying on the 2020 terms. Its stated goals include 100 incubators, at least one in every district, and an ecosystem for at least 10,000 startups. Its incentives are staged from idea to market.

Startup Policy 2020, as amended in 2022: staged incentives (ceilings as stated on the state investment portal)
IncentiveCeilingCondition
Sustenance allowanceRs 17,500 a month for one yearIdea-stage startups; up to 25 per incubator a year
Prototype grantUp to Rs 5 lakhBuilding a minimum viable product
Seed capital and marketing assistanceUp to Rs 7.5 lakhProduct launch; up to 25 per incubator a year
Patent cost reimbursementUp to Rs 2 lakh (Indian); Rs 10 lakh (international)Successful patent filing
⚠️ Name the version
The 2020 policy and its 2022 amendment are two texts. The five-year validity runs from notification, and the portal gives no separate notification date for the original policy, so do not invent one.

Skills run through the UP Skill Development Mission, a registered society within the vocational education and skill development department. The Chief Minister's Fellowship began in 2022, placing young graduates with districts and blocks to study how policies are implemented. On 3 February 2026 ThePrint reported cabinet rules giving fellows age relaxation of one, two or three years for one, two or three years of service, and extra marks in state recruitment exams: 1, 2 or 3 marks in 100-mark tests, 2, 4 or 6 in 500-mark tests, and 2.5, 5 or 7.5 in 1,000-mark tests.

Industrial innovation follows the same logic. The UP Semiconductor Policy 2024 was approved by the state cabinet in January 2024. On 6 January 2026 the cabinet approved case-by-case incentives for investments of Rs 3,000 crore and above, including a state GST exemption.

7. The dated current-affairs layer: what to refresh before use

Current-affairs content in this module is perishable. Each item below carries its date, so a stem can cite it safely. The stable point is the mechanism; the figure is what you refresh.

Dated developments (verify before reuse)
DateDevelopmentWhat the exam tests
24 February 2019PM-KISAN launched at GorakhpurCentral cash-transfer design
1 July 2026VB-G RAM G Act in force; MGNREGA repealedStatutory guarantee; 60:40 and 90:10 cost-sharing
July 2026 (press reports)Cabinet approves Startup Policy 2026 on 6 July 2026 (press reports), which succeeds the 2020 policySuccessor policy; check whether the 2020 terms still apply
3 February 2026 (report)Cabinet rules for Chief Minister's Fellows in state recruitmentAge relaxation and extra marks by exam total
6 January 2026Cabinet approves semiconductor incentives under the 2024 policyState incentives on top of central schemes
September 2025'Samarth Uttar Pradesh – Viksit Uttar Pradesh @2047' campaign opened, with three missionsVision documents; targets are perishable
5 November 2024Supreme Court upholds the Madarsa Act, 2004, but strikes down its degree provisionsRegulation of schools against degree-granting powers
February 2024 (from 2024-25)Kanya Sumangala total raised from Rs 15,000 to Rs 25,000Check the scheme version: original 2019 schedule against the current one
Late 2023Health and Wellness Centres renamed Ayushman Arogya MandirName change of an existing scheme
ℹ️ Figures that go stale fastest
Jal Jeevan Mission coverage is reported state by state in Lok Sabha replies and on the national dashboard, and it changes every few weeks. A reported figure counts connections provided, not verified functional taps, and it is usable only with its date and its measure. Take the current Uttar Pradesh figure from the JJM dashboard or the latest reply, not from this chapter.

Key takeaways

  • Place every scheme on four questions: who is eligible, what is delivered, what its legal basis is, and who pays. The VB-G RAM G Act, in force from 1 July 2026, moved wage cost onto a shared 60:40 ratio in most states.
  • Health: PM-JAY (launched 23 September 2018) is run in Uttar Pradesh by SACHIS, and MMJAA covers families missed by the 2011 census data. NFHS-5 shows institutional births at 83.4 per cent and a fertility rate of 2.4, still above replacement.
  • Education: the Basic Education Board (Act of 1972), the UP Board (set up 1921, first examination 1923) and the Education Service Selection Commission (Act 15 of 2023) are separate bodies. In November 2024 the Supreme Court upheld the Madarsa Act but struck down its degree provisions.
  • NGOs in Uttar Pradesh are most often societies under the 1860 Act as applied in the state. NGO Darpan is a grant identity, not a registration. The Central Social Welfare Board (1953) and the National Social Assistance Programme (1995) frame the national sector.
  • Innovation works in stages (Startup Policy 2020, amended in 2022, reportedly succeeded by a 2026 policy), and the Chief Minister's Fellowship rules reported in February 2026 add marks in state exams. Read every dated item with its date.

Practice questions (17)

Attempt each one before opening the answer. Every explanation names the tempting wrong option as well as the right one, because that is where marks are lost.

  1. Which body, set up at Prayagraj in 1921, conducts the high school and intermediate examinations of Uttar Pradesh?

    1. Basic Education Board, Prayagraj, for basic primary and upper-primary schools
    2. UP Education Service Selection Commission, for teacher selection in aided institutions
    3. Board of Madarsa Education, for standards and syllabus in madrasas
    4. UP Board of High School and Intermediate Education
    Show answer

    Answer: D — UP Board of High School and Intermediate Education

    The UP Board, the Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad, was set up at Prayagraj in 1921 and held its first examination in 1923, so it conducts high school and intermediate examinations. The Basic Education Board runs primary and upper-primary schools under the 1972 Act and does not conduct those examinations. The selection commission recruits teachers under the 2023 Act, and the madarsa board regulates madrasas. The trap is the name, since three of the four options carry the word Board.
  2. Under the original 2019 instalment schedule of the Mukhyamantri Kanya Sumangala Yojana (launched 25 October 2019), what is the total amount an eligible girl can receive in instalments from birth to Class XII?

    1. Rs 10,000 in total
    2. Rs 12,000 in total
    3. Rs 15,000 in total
    4. Rs 20,000 in total
    Show answer

    Answer: C — Rs 15,000 in total

    The six instalments are Rs 2,000 at birth, Rs 1,000 after the first-year vaccination, Rs 2,000 at Class I, Rs 2,000 at Class VI, Rs 3,000 at Class IX and Rs 5,000 at Class XII, which add to Rs 15,000. The other amounts are not the total of all six payments. The state raised the total to Rs 25,000 from 2024-25, so the stem fixes the original 2019 schedule to keep the answer stable.
  3. The Dastak campaign, launched in February 2018 with UNICEF as partner, was aimed mainly at which group of diseases?

    1. Dengue and chikungunya, spread by mosquitoes in urban wards
    2. Acute encephalitis syndrome and Japanese encephalitis
    3. Tuberculosis and leprosy, among adults in urban slum settlements
    4. Malaria and filariasis, in forest and remote rural areas
    Show answer

    Answer: B — Acute encephalitis syndrome and Japanese encephalitis

    The campaign was launched against acute encephalitis syndrome and Japanese encephalitis in 38 affected districts, mostly in the Tarai. Dengue, chikungunya, malaria and filariasis are other diseases with their own campaigns, so none was the target of this launch. The stem fixes the launch date, which is what identifies the original target.
  4. PM-KISAN was launched on 24 February 2019 from which Uttar Pradesh city?

    1. Ballia
    2. Lucknow
    3. Prayagraj
    4. Gorakhpur
    Show answer

    Answer: D — Gorakhpur

    The Prime Minister launched PM-KISAN at Gorakhpur on 24 February 2019. Ballia is the usual mix-up, because the Ujjwala Yojana was launched there in 2016. Lucknow and Prayagraj were not the venue for this launch.
  5. The table gives two Uttar Pradesh indicators across three NFHS rounds, as reported in an analysis by Ashoka University's CEDA. Institutional births (% of births): NFHS-3 26.2, NFHS-4 67.8, NFHS-5 83.4. Total fertility rate: NFHS-3 3.8, NFHS-4 2.7, NFHS-5 2.4. Which statement is supported by the table?

    1. The total fertility rate fell from 3.8 in NFHS-3 to 2.4 in NFHS-5, a fall of more than one child per woman.
    2. Institutional births rose by less than 40 percentage points between NFHS-3 and NFHS-5, so the share of deliveries in facilities grew only modestly across the two rounds.
    3. The total fertility rate in NFHS-5 was already below the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman, so no further decline was needed by that round.
    4. Fewer than half of all births were in institutions in the NFHS-4 round, which means most women still delivered at home in that survey.
    Show answer

    Answer: A — The total fertility rate fell from 3.8 in NFHS-3 to 2.4 in NFHS-5, a fall of more than one child per woman.

    The fall from 3.8 to 2.4 is 1.4 children per woman, so the key is supported. Institutional births rose from 26.2 to 83.4 on the CEDA series, a rise of 57.2 points, and more than 40 points on any NFHS-3 figure in the sources. A rate of 2.4 is above the replacement level of 2.1, so the state had not reached it in NFHS-5. Fewer than half is wrong, since NFHS-4 shows 67.8 per cent.
  6. The labels P, Q and R stand for three schemes: P is the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, Q is PM-KISAN, and R is Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY. The places of launch are Ballia, Chitrakoot, Gorakhpur and Ranchi, and each is used at most once. Which pairing of label and place is correct?

    1. P with Gorakhpur, Q with Ballia, R with Ranchi
    2. P with Ballia, Q with Gorakhpur, R with Ranchi
    3. P with Ballia, Q with Gorakhpur, R with Chitrakoot
    4. P with Ranchi, Q with Ballia, R with Gorakhpur
    Show answer

    Answer: B — P with Ballia, Q with Gorakhpur, R with Ranchi

    Ujjwala was launched at Ballia on 1 May 2016, PM-KISAN at Gorakhpur on 24 February 2019, and PM-JAY at Ranchi on 23 September 2018. The Chitrakoot pairing is a trap: Chitrakoot is a real Uttar Pradesh place, linked with the Deendayal Research Institute and rural development, but not with the launch of any of these three schemes.
  7. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Viksit Bharat–Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Act, 2025, as in force from 1 July 2026?

    1. A guarantee of 125 days of wage employment per financial year for a rural household whose adults volunteer for unskilled manual work
    2. A pause of up to sixty days in a financial year that a state may notify during peak sowing or harvesting
    3. Union funding of the whole unskilled wage cost in every state, as the earlier MGNREGA framework provided
    4. A Centre-state cost-sharing ratio of 60:40 in most states, with a 90:10 ratio for north-eastern and Himalayan states
    Show answer

    Answer: C — Union funding of the whole unskilled wage cost in every state, as the earlier MGNREGA framework provided

    The Act guarantees 125 days, lets states notify a pause of up to 60 days in a year, and shares cost 60:40 in most states with 90:10 in the north-eastern and Himalayan states. The Union paying the whole unskilled wage cost in every state was a feature of MGNREGA, which the Act repealed from the same date. The key is the one describing the old framework.
  8. An NGO in Uttar Pradesh wants to register as a society. Which law and which office govern its registration?

    1. Societies Registration Act, 1860 as applied in Uttar Pradesh, before the Registrar of Firms, Societies and Chits
    2. Companies Act, 2013 section 8, before the Registrar of Companies at Lucknow
    3. Indian Trusts Act, 1882, which governs trusts rather than societies, before the Registrar of Firms, Societies and Chits
    4. Uttar Pradesh Basic Education Act, 1972, before the Basic Education Board
    Show answer

    Answer: A — Societies Registration Act, 1860 as applied in Uttar Pradesh, before the Registrar of Firms, Societies and Chits

    A society in Uttar Pradesh is registered under the 1860 Act as applied in the state, before the Registrar of Firms, Societies and Chits. A section 8 company is a different legal form under the Companies Act, 2013, and a trust is governed by the Indian Trusts Act, 1882, so an NGO that wants society status cannot use either. The Basic Education Act governs schools, not NGO registration, so it is the unrelated distractor.
  9. Consider these statements about the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009. P: The Act came into force on 1 April 2010. Q: Article 21A, inserted by the 86th Amendment of 2002, makes free and compulsory education for children aged six to fourteen a fundamental right. R: Section 12(1)(c) requires non-minority private unaided schools to reserve 25 per cent of entry-level seats for disadvantaged children. S: The 25 per cent reservation applies to admission in classes nine to twelve. Which of the statements are correct?

    1. P and Q only
    2. R and S only
    3. P, Q and R only
    4. P, Q and S only
    Show answer

    Answer: C — P, Q and R only

    P, Q and R are correct. S is wrong because the obligation attaches to entry-level seats, not to every class from nine to twelve. The trap is the scope of R: the quota binds non-minority private unaided schools, so the answer keeps that scope word.
  10. Arrange these four Uttar Pradesh welfare or empowerment programmes in order of launch, from earliest to latest: Mission Shakti, Mukhyamantri Kanya Sumangala Yojana, Mukhyamantri Abhyudaya Yojana and Mukhyamantri Bal Seva Yojana.

    1. Mission Shakti, Kanya Sumangala Yojana, Abhyudaya Yojana, Bal Seva Yojana
    2. Kanya Sumangala Yojana, Abhyudaya Yojana, Mission Shakti, Bal Seva Yojana
    3. Abhyudaya Yojana, Kanya Sumangala Yojana, Mission Shakti, Bal Seva Yojana
    4. Kanya Sumangala Yojana, Mission Shakti, Abhyudaya Yojana, Bal Seva Yojana
    Show answer

    Answer: D — Kanya Sumangala Yojana, Mission Shakti, Abhyudaya Yojana, Bal Seva Yojana

    Kanya Sumangala began on 25 October 2019, Mission Shakti on Navratri of October 2020, Abhyudaya coaching in February 2021 and Bal Seva in May 2021. The common slip is to put Mission Shakti first because it is the best-known campaign. The order of the list in the stem is not the answer order.
  11. Under the Uttar Pradesh Startup Policy 2020 as amended in 2022, what is the monthly sustenance allowance for an idea-stage startup for one year?

    1. Rs 17,500 per month
    2. Rs 10,000 per month
    3. Rs 25,000 per month
    4. Rs 50,000 per month
    Show answer

    Answer: A — Rs 17,500 per month

    The 2022 First Amendment sets the sustenance allowance at Rs 17,500 per month for one year for idea-stage startups, up to 25 per incubator a year. The Rs 5 lakh figure is the prototype grant and the Rs 7.5 lakh figure is seed and marketing assistance; both are one-time, not monthly. Mixing the three ceilings is the usual error.
  12. Under the rules for Chief Minister's Fellows reported in February 2026 for state recruitment exams, how many extra marks does a fellow with two years of service get in a test of 1,000 marks?

    1. 2.5 marks
    2. 7.5 marks
    3. 10 marks
    4. 5 marks
    Show answer

    Answer: D — 5 marks

    The reported scale for a 1,000-mark examination is 2.5 marks for one year of service, 5 for two years and 7.5 for three years. The 7.5 figure belongs to three years, and ten marks is not on the reported scale. State the date of the report in any answer, since these are rules reported in February 2026.
  13. A family has two daughters, both born after 1 April 2019, and both qualify under the original 2019 schedule of the Mukhyamantri Kanya Sumangala Yojana (launched 25 October 2019). Each daughter receives all six instalments of that schedule and no others. What is the total paid to the family?

    1. Rs 15,000
    2. Rs 25,000
    3. Rs 30,000
    4. Rs 35,000
    Show answer

    Answer: C — Rs 30,000

    Each eligible daughter receives Rs 15,000 across the six instalments, and the family has two eligible daughters, so the total is Rs 30,000. Rs 15,000 counts only one daughter. Rs 35,000 would need a third eligible girl, which the two-daughter limit rules out. The step most often missed is applying the per-girl total to each eligible daughter.
  14. Consider these statements about the Viksit Bharat–G RAM G Act, 2025, as in force from 1 July 2026. P: It replaces MGNREGA, which it repeals from the same date. Q: It guarantees 125 days of wage employment per financial year to a rural household that volunteers for unskilled manual work. R: In most states the Centre and the state share the cost in a 60:40 ratio. S: A state may notify a pause of up to 120 days in a financial year during peak agricultural seasons. Which of the statements are correct?

    1. P, Q and S only
    2. P, R and S only
    3. Q, R and S only
    4. P, Q and R only
    Show answer

    Answer: D — P, Q and R only

    P, Q and R are correct. S is wrong: the pause is up to sixty days, not 120. The 120 figure is the trap, because it doubles the pause and could be mistaken for a longer agricultural exemption. Keep the date in your answer, since the 125-day and cost-sharing terms apply from 1 July 2026.
  15. Arrange these four institutions connected with Uttar Pradesh's health and social sectors in order of establishment, earliest first: the Deendayal Research Institute at Chitrakoot; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow; King George's Medical University, using the year it became a state university; and AIIMS Gorakhpur, using the year it was inaugurated.

    1. Sanjay Gandhi PGI, Deendayal Research Institute, King George's University, AIIMS Gorakhpur
    2. Deendayal Research Institute, King George's University, Sanjay Gandhi PGI, AIIMS Gorakhpur
    3. Deendayal Research Institute, Sanjay Gandhi PGI, King George's University, AIIMS Gorakhpur
    4. Deendayal Research Institute, Sanjay Gandhi PGI, AIIMS Gorakhpur, King George's University
    Show answer

    Answer: C — Deendayal Research Institute, Sanjay Gandhi PGI, King George's University, AIIMS Gorakhpur

    The dates are the Deendayal Research Institute in 1968, SGPGIMS in 1983, King George's as a state university in 2002, and AIIMS Gorakhpur inaugurated in 2021. The trap is King George's, whose first medical session dates to 1911, which would wrongly place it first. The stem fixes its date as the year it became a state university.
  16. Which statement about Ayushman Bharat–Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana and its Uttar Pradesh implementation is correct?

    1. The scheme was launched in Lucknow in 2019 as a fully state-funded cover for every family in Uttar Pradesh.
    2. The scheme gives unlimited cover per family for outpatient care, and Uttar Pradesh is the only state that runs it through a state agency.
    3. The scheme was launched at Ranchi on 23 September 2018, offers cover of up to Rs 5 lakh per family per year, and is run in Uttar Pradesh by SACHIS.
    4. The scheme is run in Uttar Pradesh by the Basic Education Board, Prayagraj, and covers school health checks.
    Show answer

    Answer: A — The scheme was launched in Lucknow in 2019 as a fully state-funded cover for every family in Uttar Pradesh.

    PM-JAY was launched at Ranchi on 23 September 2018, with cover up to Rs 5 lakh per family per year for hospitalisation, and SACHIS is its state agency in Uttar Pradesh. The Lucknow, fully state-funded version confuses PM-JAY with MMJAA, which is a separate state scheme for families the central scheme missed. The outpatient and only-state claims are not features of the scheme, and the Basic Education Board has no health role.
  17. Consider these statements. P: The NGO Darpan unique ID is itself the legal registration of a society in Uttar Pradesh. Q: A society in Uttar Pradesh is registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 as applied in the state. R: The Central Social Welfare Board was set up in 1953 to channel government funds to voluntary organisations. S: The National Social Assistance Programme was launched on 15 August 1995 as a centrally sponsored scheme. Which of the statements are correct?

    1. P and Q only
    2. Q, R and S only
    3. P, R and S only
    4. R and S only
    Show answer

    Answer: B — Q, R and S only

    Q, R and S are correct. P is wrong because NGO Darpan issues an ID for grant eligibility, and a society's registration is a separate legal act. Q, R and S are the three statements that hold: the state-applied 1860 Act, the 1953 board, and the 1995 programme as a centrally sponsored scheme. The trap is P, which uses a real portal to imply a legal status it does not confer.